Newgrange is a Neolithic passage tomb in County Meath dated to c. 3200 BC, built by Ireland's early farming communities. Its famous winter solstice alignment — where sunlight illuminates the burial chamber for 17 minutes — was an intentional architectural feature requiring sophisticated surveying knowledge. The spirals and lozenges are part of the broader megalithic art tradition found across Atlantic Europe. Excavations have found cremated human remains and grave goods.