The Yonaguni Monument is a submerged rock formation discovered in 1986. Geologists are divided on whether it is man-made or natural. Masaaki Kimura (University of the Ryukyus) argues for artificial construction; most mainstream geologists attribute the terraced formations to natural fracturing of the local mudstone and sandstone along regular joint planes — a well-documented geological phenomenon in the area. No datable artifacts have been found in association with the structure.