The Lalibela churches were carved during the reign of King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela (c. 1181–1221 AD) as a 'New Jerusalem' for Ethiopian Christians. Medieval chronicles describe the construction using large labor forces over decades. The 'angel' accounts are religious narratives. While extraordinarily impressive, the construction is consistent with the sophisticated stone-carving traditions of the Ethiopian highlands, using metal chisels and organized labor.